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The Republic of Florence, or the Florentine Republic ((イタリア語:Repubblica Fiorentina)), was a state that was centered on the city of Florence, located in modern Tuscany, Italy.〔G. Brucker, ''Florence:The Golden Age, 1138-1737'' (University of California Press, Berkeley CA, 1998) ISBN 0-520-21522-2〕〔J. M. Najemy, ''A History of Florence:1200-1575'', (Blakwell, Malden, MA, 2006) ISBN 978-1-4051-1954-2〕 The republic originated in 1115, when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of the powerful feudal ruler Margravine Matilda, a woman who controlled vast territories including Florence. The Florentines formed a commune in Matilda's place. The republic was ruled by a council, known as the signoria. The signoria was chosen by the ''gonfaloniere'' (titular ruler of the city), who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members. The republic had a chequered history of coups and counter coups against various factions. The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434, upon Cosimo de' Medici's counter coup against the faction that had sent him into exile the previous year. The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494. Giovanni de' Medici (later Pope Leo X) re-conquered the republic in 1512. Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527, during the War of the League of Cognac. The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531, after an 11-month siege of the city. The republican government was disestablished in 1532, when Pope Clement VII appointed Alessandro de' Medici "Duke of the Florentine Republic", making the "republic" a hereditary monarchy.〔 Strathern, Paul : Medici: "Godfathers of the Renaissance" (Vintage Publishers) ISBN 978-0-099-52297-3 p 321 〕 ==Background== The city of Florence was established in 59 B.C. by Julius Caesar. The city had been part of the Marquisate of Tuscany before the death of Margravine Matilda in 1115. The city did not submit readily to her successor, Rabodo, who was killed in a dispute with the city. The first official mention of the republic was in 1138, when several cities around Tuscany formed a league against Henry X of Bavaria. The country was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Republic of Florence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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